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Showing 15 results for Ghasemi
Abbas Abolghasemi, Azar Kiamarsi,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (Summer 2006)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The cognitive processes such as attention, thinking, memory and recall have effective role on the child’s confrontation with daily life problems. The psychological disorders are among those impairments which may severely affect these processes. Researches have shown that schizophrenia can impair children’s cognitive processes to a great extent. The aim of this research was to compare the comprehension, lexical Knowledge, memory and recall in children with schizophrenia, conduct disorder and brain damage. Methods: The sample of this causal-comparative research consisted of 80 children (8-13 years old) suffering from schizophrenia, brain damage and conduct disorder as well as a group of healthy ones who were selected from among in and out-patients referring to psychology and neurology wards of Emam Hossein health care center in 2004 (20 subjects in each group). The instruments employed in this research were WISC-R (comprehension, vocabulary, digit span) and Recall Test of Babcoch. Results: The one way analysis of variance showed significant differences between the children with schizophrenia, conduct disorder, brain damage and non-patient in comprehension, lexical knowledge, memory and recall (p<0.01). The LSD test showed that comperhension, lexical knowledge, memory and recall in children with schizophrenia were more impaired compared to children with conduct disorder and brain damage. Moreover, comprehension, lexical knowledge and memory in children with conduct disorder were more severely impaired than children with brain damage. However, the recall was better in children with conduct disorder than those with brain damage (p<0.01). Conclusion: The results showed that schizophrenic children have comprehension, lexical knowledge, memory and recall more impaired than those suffering from conduct disorder and brain damage. The timely recognition of the cognitive abnormalities seems necessary to have a better diagnosis and choose effective treatment and remedial strategies to cope with them.
Mohammad Narimani , Yoosof Khonya , Abbas Abolghasemi , Masoud Ganji , Gafar Majidi ,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (Summer 2006)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Clinical findings show that stress can gradually affect the activity of various systems of the body such as immune system and impair them. Different variables potentiate and modify this effect. This research aimed at studying the relationship of personality traits (self-respect, tenacity, type A personality), stress, and stress coping skills with immune system status in nurses. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 246 individuals were selected by simple random sampling method. At the first stage, the subjects on the job completed the questionnaires of self-respect, tenacity, type A personality, stress, and stress coping skills. At the second stage to determine the amount of antibodies, 2-cc blood of the subjects was assessed. The data were analyzed using correlational methods. Results: The findings indicated a significant, positive and meaningful relationship of immunoglobulin antibody with “self-respect”, and IgM antibody with “type A personality” in male nurses (p<0.05). But there was no significant relationship between the immune system variables and tenacity, stress, and stress coping skills. From among the predictive variables (self-respect, tenacity, type A personality, stress, and stress coping skills) only the stress variable had significant relationship with the criterion variable (IgA antibody)(p=0.05). Conclusion: Regarding the results it can be said that self-respect may adjust IgG variable in stress positions (especially in chronic stress). So in hard jobs such as nursing, psychological characteristics should be considered as an important job factor along with physical capabilities.
Hormoz Azimi, Maryam Nasimi, Reza Keikhosravi, Masoud Ghasemi,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (Spring 2008)
Abstract
Hydatid cyst disease is a zoonosis disease that is common in both humans and animals. Humans acquire echinococcosis by ingesting viable parasite eggs with their food. The hydatid cyst tend to be in the liver (50-70% of patients) or lung (20-30% patients) but may be found in any other organs of the body, including brain, heart, and bones (less than 10%). Symptoms are often absent, and in many cases infection is detected only incidentally by imaging studies.
This paper presents a case of hydatid cyst who admitted with non specific symptoms such as blotting, recurrent constipation and abdominal distention. Abdominal CT of the patient found low density mass in the right side of abdomen (in small bowel mesentery), without involvement
of the liver, kidney, spleen, and pancreas. The patient candidated for resolution of cyst with lapratomic style. And in operative laparatomy a typical hydatid cyst was found and confirmed by pathology and similar reports were not found by the author regarding the literature.
Ahmad Ghasemi , Shahram Habibzadeh , Pariya Bakhshpoori,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (winter 2009)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Pneumonia is one of the most fatal infectious syndromes with various etiologies. Mycoplasmas require special therapeutic approach as they are not sensitive to betalactams such as penicillin. Regarding lack of comprehensive studies relating to mycoplasmas' part in pneumonia in Iran, the current study was conducted. Methods: This is a descriptive study performed on 80 patients diagnosed with community acquired pneumonia and hospitalized in infectious diseases ward of Immam Khomeini Hospital (Ardebil, Iran) in over a one year time span. Blood samples for titration of anti-mycoplasmal IgGs and IgMs were taken from all patients. Results: Out of 80 hospitalized patients 40 were men and 40 were women. Mean age of the studied group was 59.91 years and 76.6% of patients lived in urban areas. We observed positive IgM in 5 patients (6.3%) and positive IgM in 20 patients (25%). Etiologic cause of 6 % of hospitalized patiants with community acquired pneumonia was mycoplasmal. We could not specify any particular clinical finding assisting to differentiate mycoplasmal pneumonias from other types of pneumonia. All the patients with positive IgM titrations had positive agglutination titers of 1/16 or 1/32, therefor under any circustances that performing of IgM titration is not possible, agglutination test can be used as an alternative. Conclusion: Approximately 6.7 % of community acquired pneumonias in adults' infectious diseases ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital, were etiologically related to mycoplasmas. Therefore, regarding limitations for PCR analysis and antibody titration, administration of antibiotics with antimycoplasmal properties is necessary.
Gholamreza Zarrini , Eiraj Rasooli, Mohsen Abazari, Younes Ghasemi,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (winter 2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Expansion of microbial drug resistance, have indicated to introduce new source of drugs with antimicrobial properties such as antimicrobial secondary metabolites which produced of Cyanobacteria spp. Antimicrobial activity of Cyanobacteria spp. of Urmia Lake catchment area was not already reported, therefore in this research, antibacterial and antifungal properties of cyanobacteria varieties isolated from this ecosystem and identification of the potent strains were investigated. Method: Different environmental samples screened for isolation of cyanobacterial strains. Cyanobacterial extracts were prepared by using different solvents. The effect of these extracts was evaluated by disc diffusion method and by measuring minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against some gram positive and gram negative bacteria and fungi. Cyanobacteria spp. with the high antimicrobial activity was identified according to Microscopic and macroscopic characters and 16SrRNA sequences. Results: In this research, 54 cyanobacterial strains were isolated that six strains with significant antimicrobial activity identified as Gloeocapsa sp., Anabaena sp., Nodularia sp., Synechococcus sp., Leptolyngbya sp. and Chroococcus disperses. the highest antimicrobial activity achieved by the chloroform extract on gram positive bacteria and fungi. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) levels for the cyanobacterial strains were ranged 20 to 80 µg/ml and Leptolyngbya sp. showed the highest effects on Candida krusei with MIC level 20 µg/ml. Conclusion: According to the results, cyanobacteria can be a source of production new antimicrobial compounds.the results showed that the filamentous cyanobacteria Anabaena sp., Nodularia sp., and Leptolyngbya sp. produce active compounds against gram positive bacteria and yeasts.
Maryam Ghasemi , Farzad Rajaei, Darioush Mohammadnejad, Amir Javadi,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (winter 2011)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Stress in developing countries is an important problem in human health. Feelings of stress in humans result from interactions between persons and their environment. Stressor is an external stimulus or an event that provokes a stress response in an organism. Animal models enable preclinical testing of new treatments and therapies for physical symptoms of stress disorder. In the present study the effects of social stress on male mouse reproductive system were investigated. Methods: Sixty male mice were divided into 6 groups, including two non-stressed control groups (2 cages, 5 mice per cage), two mild-stressed groups (2 cages, 10 mice per cage), and two high-stressed groups (2 cages, 15 mice per cage). Three cages (one cage from each group) kept for one month and three cages kept for two months. After one and two months the mice were anaesthetized with ketamine and xylazine. Tissue samples of testes , epididymis and vas deferens for light microscopy were removed . Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between mild and high-stresses groups in the diameter of seminiferous tubules, vas deferens, height of epithelial cells of epididymis and vas deferens. The diameter of epididymis in mild and high-stressed groups was significantly decreased as compared with that in non-stressed control groups (P<0.02, P<0.009). The diameter of vas deferens in mild-stressed groups was significantly decreased as compared with in non-stressed control groups (P<0.02). The height of epithelial cells of vas deferens in mild and high-stressed groups was significantly decreased as compared with that in non-stressed control groups (P<0.001, P<0.001). Conclusion: This study shows that crowding stress can decrease the diameter and height of epithelial cells of epididymis and vas deferens of male mice .
Shahram Habibzadeh , Ahmad Ghasemi , Moharram Aghabalaii, Jafar Mohammad Shahi, Bita Shahbazzadegan, Naser Mahmoodi , Jafar Hoseini , Younes Sheshgelani , Nahid Pourmohammadjan,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (summer 2013)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Considering new pandemic attack with new emerging (H1N1) influenza virus, the study was designed for evaluating clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of patients in Imam Khomeini hospital, admitted with presumptive diagnosis of H1N1 influenza . In all of the patients clinical and paraclinical findings and outcome (including mortality rate and definitive diagnosis) were evaluated. Bed occupancy rate in infectious disease ward and ICU and also mean days of admission were calculated. Methods: This is a cross sectional study . All 118 patients with acute respiratory symptoms and possible diagnosis of emerging H1N1 influenza that had been admitted at least 24 hours in hospital from 20 October to 1 February 2009 were enrolled in the study. Data collection was done based on questionnaires, with a team other than researchers. The questionnaire included demographic data , clinical symptoms , laboratory findings , radiographic manifestations and outcome of patients. Data analysis was performed with SPSS software version16. Results: A total of 118 patients were studied: 71 patients ( 60.2%) were female and 47 patients ( 39.8%) were male. Mean ( ± SD) age of admitted patients was 33.81 ± 15.64 years old. The most of admitted patients were in age range of 15 to 30 years old. The most common findings in CXR were bilateral respiratory consolidations and the most common symptoms were fever, weakness and fatigue. About 12.7% of patients had diarrhea. Leukopenia (WBC < 4000) and leukocytosis (WBC > 10000) occurred respectively in 4.58% and 33.2% of cases . Nine patients (7%) were admitted in ICU. I n 21 patients (18%) RT-PCR test results were positive and three of these patients had been admitted in ICU. In patients admitted in ICU while their diagnosis was confirmed, mortality was 33%. 48.3% of patients had at least one predisposing medical condition . Total admission days were 577 days, consisting 519 days in infectious disease ward and 58 days in ICU. Average of hospitalization days per a patient was 4.88 days. Conclusion: Except epidemiologic clues, there was no pathognomonic sign or symptom to differentiate influenza H1N1 from other respiratory tract infections. High proportions of pregnant women, bilateral respiratory consolidations, and presence of diarrhea and leukopenia in considerable number of patients were the most important findings of the study.
Akbar Atadokht , Mohammad Narimani, Batool Ahadi, Abbas Abolghasemi, Adel Zahed , Manoocher Iranparvar,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (summer 2013)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder that has negative effect on physical function, psychological condition, interpersonal, family and social relationship and in general, on psychological well being. The aim of this study was to investigate of psychological profile in diabetic patients and it's relatioship with social support. Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, 120 diabetic patients have been selected among of those that systematically refered to Diabetes Clinic of Emam Khomeini Hospital in order to follow their therapeutic process in Ardabil . Data gathering was accomplished by two tests: SCL-90-R and Social Support Scale. Finally data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and T-test on SPSS-17 software and p-value less than 0.05 considered as significant. Results: Results showed that 70% of diabetic patients had problems in somatic complaint and obsession, 62.5% in sensitivity, 72.5% in depression, 62.5% in anxiety, 55% in hostility, 67.5% in paranoid thoughts, 27.5% in phobia and 37.5% in psychosis. Correlations between social support with somatic complaint, obsession, sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility and paranoid thoughts were negatively significant. Family support associated significantly with all of the psychological variables but friend Support had no significant correlation with them. Conclusion: The range of psychological problems experienced by diabetic patients is more extensive and these problems have significant relationship with social support. Thus, attention to different dimensions of psychological health is necessary and social support-based interventions can be more effective.
Amirabbas Ghasemi , Behnam Daneshpajouh ,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (Autumn 2014)
Abstract
Background &objectives: Echinococcosis, referred to as hydatid disease or hydatidosis, is a parasitic disease caused by larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. In the life cycle of this parasite, dogs and other carnivores are definitive hosts and herbivores are intermediate hosts. Humansin this cycle may incidentally involve by ingestion of parasite eggs and play as intermediate host. Hydatid disease can involve any organ but liver and lung are the most commonly affected organs and kidney, brain, heart, bone may also be affected to a lesser degrees. Cerebral hydatid cyst occurs in about 2% of all echinococcosis cases. In this paper we report two cases of cerebral echinococcosis in whom diagnoses were made based on MRI findings and confirmed by pathology reports after surgery. First Case Report: The first case was a 30 years old man who was admitted after an episode of generalized tonic-clonicseizure. The MRI imaging performedand patient underwent surgery with diagnosis of a right frontal cystic lesion. The patient was improved progressively and there was no seizure attack and recurrence during 18 months follow up period. Second Case Report: The second case was a 28 years old woman presented by headache and abnormal behavior. MRI of this patient revealed a large cystic lesion in left frontal lobe and then underwent surgery. No complication was seen during postoperative period. The headache and behavioral disorder were improved completely and there was no sign of recurrence during 18 months follow up period. Conclusion: Hydatid cyst should be considered as a differential diagnosis of cystic brain lesions in endemic areas. Although hydatid cyst is a benign lesion but surgical removal of it without rupture is very important for prevention of probable future complications.
Ghasem Fattahzadehardalani , Masoud Ghasemi , Nasim Tarassoli ,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (spring 2015)
Abstract
Background & objectives: This study evaluated the effect of intravenous magnesium sulphate on clinical improvement of the patients with acute stroke. There is a lot of information about the use of magnesium sulphate in different conditions of brain ischemia while the effect of magnesium sulphate as a neuroprotective agent has been demonstrated in focal and global brain ischemiain animal models. However, the effect of this agent is still unclear.
Methods: 80 patients (47 % female and 53 % male) with acute ischemic stroke signs and symptoms, lasting less than 12 hours of ischemia, were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups 40 patients received 4 g of MgSO 4 over 15 minutes and then 16 g over the next 24 hours, and the other 40 patients received serum normal salin as the placebo.
Results: The results showed that magnesium sulphate administrated group had better clinical improvement rate than control group. The number of patients with grade III decreased in magnesium received group and patients with grade II, I were increased. After 2 weeks, patients with Grade IIIdecreased to 12.5% and the patients with grade II and I increased to 50% and 37.5%, respectively(based on NIHSS score).
Conclusion: According to this study,magnesiumsulphatecan be used as a neuroprotective agent in patients with acute stroke.
Sepideh Ghasemian , Parvin Farzanegi, Lida Moradi,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (atumn 2019)
Abstract
Background & objectives: In the pathogenesis of endometriosis, a variety of genes are involved. The aim of this study was to investigate the GATA2 gene expression changes in endometriosis rat model following a period of aerobic exercise and vitamin B6 intake.
Methods: For this purpose, 25 adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, including: healthy control, patient control, patient+training, patient+vitamin, patient+vitamin+ training. In order to create an endometriosis model, rats were first anesthetized and after opening abdominal muscle, ovarian tissue and part of uterine tissue were removed and were inserted into a sterile container with one cc of PBS and sliced. Tissue fragments were transplanted into the abdominal and ovarian areas. The amount of vitamin intake was 60mg/kg and swimming program lasted 8 weeks, 30 minutes a day, five days a week. One-way ANOVA test and Tukey post hoc test were used for data analysis.
Result: The results showed that a period of swimming exercise program in the patient + training group significantly increased the GATA2 level compared to the patient control group (p≤0.001). Also, the GATA2 gene expression level was significantly increased in the patient + training + vitamin group compared to the patient control group (p=0.002). However, its level in the patient group was significantly lower than that of the healthy control group (p≤0.001).
Conclusion: Regular aerobic exercise combined with intake of vitamin B6 may decrease GATA2 gene expression level in endometrial rat model.
Mohaddeseh Haji Ghasemi, Mostafa Govahi, Mojtaba Ranjbar,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (Winter 2023)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Due to the increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics and the presence of antibacterial compounds in plants, in this study, the effect of hydro-alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Physalis alkekengi on some pathogenic bacteria was investigated.
Methods: In this experimental study, the dried fruits of the Physalis alkekengi were purchased from a medicinal plant shop and after extraction, the antibacterial effect of the aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic extracts of the plant against standard strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated. Antibacterial activity, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the extracts were determined using serial dilution and disk diffusion methods.
Results: In the disk diffusion method, all concentrations of the methanolic extract of Physalis alkekengi had an inhibitory effect on Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. However, the inhibitory effect of the methanolic extract was considerably higher than the aqueous extract. The lowest inhibitory concentration of the methanolic extract was 12.5 mg/ml, and the minimum lethal concentration was 25 mg/ml. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the plant had the minimal effect on the standard strain of Staphylococcus aureus.
Conclusion: Aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic extracts showed different levels of antibacterial properties in a concentration-dependent method. Therefore, the inhibitory effects against each bacterium can probably be attributed to the activity of the active ingredients of the plant, the extraction method, and the properties of the solvent used.
Ramin Abiri, Samira Ghasemi, Malihe Bagheri Ghomi, Masoumeh Shahbazi, Ahmad Emami, Mahdi Mojarrab,
Volume 23, Issue 3 (Autumn 2023)
Abstract
Background: Nosocomial infections are significant parts of the treatment challenges of hospitals. Different species of the Artemisia genus are widely distributed in Iran. The present study aimed to compare the in vitro effects of different aqueous extracts of Artemisia species against nosocomial bacterial strains.
Methods: 24 different aqueous extracts, including decoctions and infusions were prepared from the aerial parts of Artemisia ciniformis, A. turanica, A. kopetdaghensis, A. khorasanica, A. vulgaris, and A. sieberi. Total phenolic contents were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the extracts against the bacterial strains including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Acinetobacter sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphyloccocus epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, Klebsiella neumonia and Escherichia coli were measured using the microdilution broth method.
Results: The lowest MIC value was observed for the decoction of A. turanica (0.25 mg/ml) against S. pyogenes. The largest range of bacterial sensitivity (3 strains) was related to the decoction of A. sieberi. The growth of S. epidermidis was inhibited by a larger group of extracts. The highest total phenolic content was recorded for decoction and infusion of A. turanica.
Conclusion: The decoctions of the aerial parts of A. sieberi and A. turanica were superior to the other extracts in terms of the in vitro antibacterial spectrum and selective potency, respectively.
Narges Chitsaz, Ahmad Reza Meamar, Elham Razmjou, Soheila Shafaghi-Sisi, Maryam Alipour, Maryam Sadeghi, Zahra Rampisheh, Zeinab Ghasemi, Rasoul Aliannejad, Alireza Badirzadeh,
Volume 23, Issue 4 (Winter 2024)
Abstract
Background: Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) causes Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in people, especially the immunocompromised ones. It is also one of the serious causes of numerous lung problems in affected patients. Since documented data about P. jirovecii is not available in patients with pulmonary infections in Tehran, this study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology and parasitology of Pneumocystis to determine the frequency of the organism infection.
Methods: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were collected for 367 patients hospitalized in the lung department of Shariati Hospital in Tehran from July 2022 to July 2023. The samples were analyzed using Giemsa staining and molecular methods. After DNA extraction from samples, Nested polymerase chain reaction (Nested PCR) was employed for the amplification of the 18SrRNA gene and identification of P. jirovecii. The PCR products of Nested PCR were sequenced for final confirmation.
Results: Out of 367 samples, only one sample (0.27%) and 28 samples (6.7%) were found to be positive through parasitology and NestedPCR analysis, respectively. P. jirovecii was detected in seven (25%) and 21 (75%) immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients, respectively. Fever, shortness of breath and dry cough were the most common clinical symptoms among patients with Pneumocystosis. Patients with pulmonary disorders are prone to colonization by pneumocystis, which increases the risk of pneumocystosis and makes them a reservoir for transmission to susceptible people.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that patients with distinct lung disease are prone to colonization by Pneumocystis and, importantly, are at risk of infection. Also, according to the current study, Nested PCR was a suitable method for detecting P. jirovecii organisms because it had a very high sensitivity and specificity.
Ramin Abiri, Samira Ghasemi, Nastaran Sharei, Masumeh Shahbazi, Seyed Ahmad Emami, Mahdi Mojarrab,
Volume 24, Issue 1 (Spring 2024)
Abstract
Background: Nosocomial infections are considered as the important parts of the treatment challenges in hospitals. The genus Artemisia is widely distributed in Iran. Their species produce antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal compounds belonging to different groups including phenols, terpenoids, sterols and polyacetylenes. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the in vitro effects of different hydroethanolic extracts of Artemisia species against bacterial strains in nosocomial infection.
Methods: 12 different extracts, including 50% and 70% hydroethanolic extracts were prepared from the aerial parts of Artemisia ciniformis, A. turanica, A. kopetdaghensis, A. khorasanica, A. vulgaris, and A. sieberi. The winterization of the extracts produced corresponding defatted extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the extracts against the bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Acinetobacter sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococus epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were measured using the microdilution broth method. Total phenolic contents were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method.
Results: Among the extracts analyzed in this experiment, the lowest MIC value was observed for the 50% hydroethanolic extract of A. turanica (0.25 mg/ml) against S. epidermidis. The largest range of bacterial sensitivity (6 strains) was related to the 50% hydroethanolic extracts of A. turanica (defatted and non-defatted) and A. kopetdaghensis (defatted). The growth of S. epidermidis was inhibited by all of the extracts. The highest total phenolic content and yield of extraction were recorded for 70% hydroethanolic extract of A. sieberi and 50% hydroethanolic extract of A. ciniformis, respectively.
Conclusion: The 50% hydroethanolic extract of A. turanica was superior to the other extracts in terms of the in vitro antibacterial spectrum and selective potency. A. turanica and A. kopetdaghensis are probably suitable choices for further phytochemical and antibacterial investigations.
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