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  Background & Objective: Flatulence is one of the most common postoperative disorders, which leads to abdominal distension, respiratory disorders and the openning of sutures. Some of the drugs used to alleviate the abdominal flatulence are associated with complications and harmful effects, which gives us a hint to adopt herbal medicine. The present study investigates the effect of supermint on the flatulence intensity after cesarean section.

  Methods: This double-blinded clinical trial study was conducted on 107 women (47 cases as placebo group and 60 cases as drug group) who had cesarean section in shahid Mobini hospital, Sabzevar. After stopping the administration of IV fluid, the subjects in both groups received 40 drops of drug and placebo every 20 minutes for 3 days.

  Results: The intensity of flatulence in the first 20 minutes (p=0.042), in second 20 minutes (p=0.001), in the third 20 minutes (p<0.001) and 120 minutes after intervention (p<0.001) was lower in drug group compared to before intervention.

  Conclusion: Supermint is effective in reducing the postoperative flatulence in cesarean section and is recommended to be used in these cases.

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Background & objectives: Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the main risk factors for neurological diseases which are associated with aging. On the other hand, aerobic exercise has beneficial effects on the brain health and cognitive function, and also improves mitochondrial dynamics. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 4 weeks of aerobic exercise on spatial learning, memory performance and mitochondrial dynamics in the hippocampal tissue of old rats.
Methods: For this purpose, 14 male Wistar rats at 20 months of age were randomly divided into 2 groups: aerobic exercise (n=7) and control group (n=7). The exercise group performed 4 weeks of treadmill training (5 days per week at a speed of 10 to 15 m/min). Forty-eight hours after the last training session, the animals underwent behavioral tests. Twenty-four hours after the behavioral test, all rats were killed and hippocampal tissue was extracted. The mRNA expression of OPA1, Mfn2 and Drp1 genes were assayed using Real Time-PCR. The Independent t test was used for statistical analysis.
Conclusion: Aerobic exercise in old animals improved spatial learning and memory performance, increased hippocampal OPA1 gene expression, and decreased Drp1 gene expression compared to the control group (p≤0.01).
Conclusion: It seems that aerobic exercise can improve the function of brain mitochondria by modulating fusion and fission processes and it can be considered as an effective non-pharmacological method to deal with aging-related learning and memory perturbations.