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  Background & Objective : Desire for using a contraceptive method depends on individual general attitude and perception about it as well as individual understanding, needs and other people ’ s expectation about using that method . This research is conducted to determine reasons for mothers ’ desire in choosing a specific type of postpartum contraceptive method .

  Methods : This research is a cross- sectional study. The subjects were 384 lactating mothers who referred to Isfahan Health Centers for family planning services for the first time after delivery. The data were collected using questionnaires filled out through interview. Descriptive and inferential statistic methods were used to analyze the data .

  Results : The results indicated that the most commonly used contraceptive method in lactating mothers was coitus interruptus (27.4%). The most common reasons of mothers for selecting this method was its safety (45.3%) and effectiveness (25.1%) .

  Conclusions : Because of the high failure rate of coitus interruptus, health personnel should present proper and enough training to lactating mothers and their husbands about different contraceptive methods. They should also present the application of different contraceptive methods in breast feeding and increase couples ’ ability in making proper decisions as well as choosing safe and suitable contraceptive methods .

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Introduction: Skin defect reconstruction following tumor resection, is a challenge for surgeons. Nose as a key point of aesthetics has a significant role in this scenario. One of the practical approaches is dorsal nasal flap (Rintala) to cover lower 1/3 nasal defects. The disadvantages of this method are limitation to reach lower areas, especially nose tip, flap ischemia and wound dehiscence.
Case report: A 47 years old man with supratip BCC lesion underwent tumor resection and prepared for dorsal nasal flap reconstructive surgery, in which dorsal hump resection caused relaxed flap transfer and ultimately more acceptable profile view.
Conclusion: Advancement of the dorsal nasal flap more distally can be achieved by dorsal hump reduction in selected patients, which makes patients more satisfied with their new nasal form and appearance and reduces the risk of distal flap ischemia.

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Background & objectives: The role of spirituality with its different levels in different countries and societies should be considered for investigating the elderly's health. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate spirituality with a scale specifically designed to measure spirituality. This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Attitudes Related to Spirituality Scale (ARES) in the elderly.
Methods: In this psychometrics study, the study population included all the elderly of Ardabil city, among whom 459 individuals were randomly selected to fill ARES. The data was analyzed by SPSS and Amos Software.
Results: The reliability of ARES was 0.94 by Cronbach's alpha. Its construct validity, calculated by confirmatory factor analysis, showed that the model for measuring attitudes related to spirituality in the elderly had a suitable fit and its one-factor structure was confirmed (RMSEA=0.001, GFI=0.99, CFI=1).
Conclusion: The Persian version of the Attitudes Related to Spirituality has a one-factor structure, and could be used in psychological studies in Iranian samples due to its acceptable necessary validity and reliability.