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  Background &Objectives: Antiemetic drugs can be used in complicated cases of vomiting secondary to gastroenteritis. There is no previous study dealing with the use of pyridoxine in treatment of vomiting in pediatrics. This Studyintendsto review the effects of intravenous pyridoxine on control of gastroenteritis related vomiting.

  Methods: This study is a single blind randomized clinical trial with placebo. A total number of 147 children diagnosed with gastroenteritis induced vomiting and admitted in Amirkabir hospital from August to December 2011 were studied and divided to two case andcontrol groups. In the control group intravenous fluid with distilled water (placebo) was used and the pyridoxine was given along with intravenous fluid therapy in case group. Since admission for three days, numbers of vomiting and other symptoms were collected in data form. Results were analyzed using SPSS-16 by means of descriptive analysis for basic information.

  Results: Most children were male, aged between 6 months and 2 years and having urban life. There was no significant difference between two groups in the mean of vomiting frequency during the period of hospitalization ( p>0.05 ). T here was also no significant difference between two groups in duration of hospitalization ( p=0.19).

  Conclusion: Based on this study pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) was not effective in treatment of vomiting due to gastroenteritis in children, and did not reduce the duration of hospitalization.

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Background & objectives: FMF is an auto-inflammatory and hereditary periodic disorder. The symptoms can occur in more than 80% during the first decade of life. With regard to high prevalence of FMF in northwest of Iran, this study was conducted to introduce especial features of FMF in this area.

Methods: This is a descriptive study performed on 403 patients with diagnosis of FMF according to the Tel-Hashomer criteria. Information obtained from patients' file and entered in the questionnaire. Data analyzed by SPSS v20 using simple descriptive statistical analysis.

Results: In this study 228 (56.6%) patients were male, and the mean age of patients was 21.03 years. The common symptoms were abdominal pain in 93.3% and fever in 88.1% of patients. Abdominal pain was the main complaint(49.6%), the average duration of pain was 43.3±34.5 hours and the average attack-free period was 36.5±29.6 days. 15.1% of patients had positive family history and 12.7% had history of appendectomy. Delayed diagnosis was more than three years in 52.3% of patients. Genetic analysis has been done in 239 patients in which 21.33% had no mutations, 39.7% were compound heterozygous genotype, 25.52% heterozygote and 13.38% had compound homozygous mutations. The most common mutations were M694V/V726A (10.46%) and the most common alleles were M694V (20.9%) and V726A (12.7%). The M694V-V726A genotype (12.7%) was the most common combined mutations in male and the common mutations in female was M694V/M694V (10.4%). Among the patients with abdominal pain M694V/V726A (12.5%) was more common. The genotypes of M680I/V726A (13.9%), M694/V726A and M694V/R761H (16.7%) and the M694V/M694V (33.3%) had the common mutations in patients with fever, chest pain and joint symptoms respectively.

Conclusion: First decade is usual age to presentation of FMF. M694V is the most common mutation and M694V-V726A is the common compound heterozygous mutation. MEFV mutations in this study are similar to Arabs results. It seems that clinical criteria still are the best way in diagnosis of FMF in spite of the fact that erysipelas like skin rash  is not common as a clinical criteria in this area

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Background & Objectives: hcpD gene in Helicobacter pylori is a member of cysteine-rich proteins family which triggers the host's immune system and antibody production. H. pylori is found in human's stomach and causes digestive diseases such as duodenal ulcer, chronic gastritis and stomach cancer. The objectives of this study were to isolate, amplify and clone H. pylori's hcpD gene in pcDNA3.1 (-) vector and to study its expression in eukaryotic system.

Methods: H. pylori genomic DNA was isolated by extraction kit. The hcpD gene was amplified using PCR reaction and then purified from gel, followed by pTZ cloning. Subcloning of hcpD was performed in pcDNA3.1 (-) eukaryotic expression vector. The accuracy of cloning steps was investigated through PCR, enzymatic digestion by BamHI and EcoRV enzymes, and sequencing, respectively. Transfer of expression construct into CHO cells was done by electroporation. The gene expression in these cells was analyzed using RT-PCR and SDS-PAGE.

Results: PCR results showed amplification of a 933bp segment related to hcpD gene. Successful cloning of the gene in pTZ vector and construction of pTZ-hcpD recombinant vector were achieved. Enzymatic digestion and sequencing confirmed the correctness of subcloning and creation of pcDNA3.1 (-)-hcpD construct. hcpD was expressed in eukaryotic system, and its protein product was observed on SDS-PAGE gel.

Conclusion: pTZ-hcpD construct can be used as a source of H. pylori's hcpD gene for future research, like production of recombinant protein and vaccine in different systems. Furthermore, successful expression of the gene using pcDNA3.1 (-)-hcpD in CHO animal cells shows the potential of vector as a gene vaccine against H. pylori.

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Background & objectives: Impaired immune system provides favorable conditions for colonization by Acanthamoeba in the human body. In this case control study, we compared the molecular and culture methods in identifying Acanthamoeba in the nasal and oral secretions of HIV⁺/HIV^­ human.
Methods: In a current case control study, nasal and oral discharge of 53, HIV⁺ patients and 53, HIV^­ people were evaluated. The nasal and oral secretions of each patient were prepared by sterile swabs and transferred to the laboratory. All samples were cultured but only the positive samples used for molecular analysis.
Results: By cultivation method, of the 53, HIV⁺ patients, a total of 11 samples, including 5 nasal and 6 oral samples, were contaminated with Acanthamoeba. Of the 53, HIV­­ people, 3 samples of nasal discharge were contaminated with this parasite. The molecular method approved the contamination of 10 samples, including 5 oral and 5 nasal samples from HIV⁺ patients with this parasite. Statistical analysis showed the rate of infection in HIV⁺ patients was significantly different compared to HIV^­ people
Conclusion: The results of the current study showed that the rate of Acanthamoeba infection in HIV⁺ patients was higher than that of HIV^- individuals. Also, considering that in the control group (HIV- individuals) only the nasal discharge were infected with the parasite, it seems that in the case group (HIV + patients) the infection of the oral discharge with the parasites is due to the  entry of its cysts into the nose and transmission to the mouth

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Background & objectives: Obesity and osteoporosis are major problem that their prevalence is increasing. Physical activity can be effective in the prevention of osteoporosis by some mechanisms such as changes in anthropometrics variables. Body mass index (BMI) in men and women is closely related to bone mineral density (BMD). However, the relationship varies between BMI and BMD according to the  different studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between body mass index and lumbar bone mineral density in active and inactive middle-aged women.
Methods: Sixty active, middle-aged women and 60 inactive women in the age range of 50 to 65 years, with medical records and clinical trials were selected in Milad Hospital in Tehran. Body mass index was calculated and bone mineral density was measured by DEXA scan in the lumbar spine (L₁ to L₄). Independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to evaluate the data. SPSS software version 26 was used for data analysis.
Results: The results of this study showed that in the active group in L₁, L₃ and L₄ lumbar vertebrae (p=0.034, p=0.017, p=0.019, respectively), and in the inactive group in L₃ and L₄ vertebrae (p=0.034, p=0.022, respectively), there was a positive and significant relationship between body mass index and bone mineral density. No significant relationship was found in other lumbar vertebrae of both groups.
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that weight gain and consequently BMI among active women reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Physical activity in women seems to lead to more muscle mass, which in turn leads to an increase in bone mineral density. Considering this issue, it can be said that one of the applications of the results of the present study is the use of this index in predicting the bone density of individuals