Background & Objective: Respiratory tract infections causes 4.5 million children death in the world annually that occur mostly in developing countries like Iran. Bacterial and viral pathogens are responsible for this event and Adenovirus is one of the major responsible agents. According to multiple survey, incidence of viral pathogens in different world region is different so local survey is needed to describe regional incidence of different viral pathogens. Rapid test for detection of respiratory pathogens help us to select appropriate treatment and avoidence of antibiotic overusage. So abuse the aim of this study was to evaluate incidence and clinical presentation of Adenovirus infection in children in Tehran with rapid test.

 Methods:�This study is a descriptive-cross sectional analysis. All 3 month to 15 year old children with upper respiratory tract infection that come to OPD of Rasol-e-Acram Hospital in one year(1385) are included.

  Direct smear of patient’s throat was evaluated by rapid chromatography test for adenovirus infection. SPSS software was used to analyse the data.

  Results: 160 children with upper respiratory tract infection with a mean age of 61.5 months were evaluated. 57.5% were boys and 42.5% were girls. 77.4% had fever, 66% had sore throat, 37.4% had cough, 27% pharyngeal exudate, 16.4% had abdominal pain, 15.7% had vomiting, 13.8% had cervical lymphadenopathy, 10% had diarrhea, 5.7% had petechea in palate and 1.9% had conjectivitis. They admitted 24% in spring, 14.1% in summer, 23.1% in fall and 38.5% in winter.

  Adenovirus infection was detected in 10(6.3%) cases, 4(40%) boys and 6(60%) girls with mean age of 83.7(SD=58.5). they were detcted 20% in spring, 30% in summer, 30% in fall and 20% in winter.

  Conclusion: Adenoviruses are responsible in 6.3% of upper respiratory infections in children. They become less prevalent with increasing age. Its prevalence did not obey seasonal pattern. Fever and sore throat are most common clinical signs and cervical lymphadenopathy is more prevalent in adenovirus infection than others.

  Background and Objective: Intradermal Purified Protein Derivative PPD test is a reliable test assessment of primary mycobacterial infection. In this test the specific antigen is Purified Protein Derivative (PPD). The reaction were assessed by touching, the induration's diameter after 48 &48hours. We compared the induration's size 48 and 72 hour in this study.

  Methods: At this semi experimental study a 5 unit PPD was administered to 120 healthy medical students.

  Results: The measurements made at 72 h were significantly (4.22 mm) (p<0.001) higher than those made at 48h (2.79 mm). The reading taken at 72 h were 1.47mm larger than at 48 h recovery. There were significant differences between induration size of 48 and 72h between male and female.

  Conclusion: This study demonstrates that, in adults, the size of the 5 U Monteux reaction is significantly larger at 72h compared to the reaction at 48h. We suggest to read PPD after 72 hours if the PPD is negative after 48 hours.