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  Background & Objectives: Mastalgia is a common breast disorder affecting lots of women during reproductive ages and leads to cancer phobia in some women. It increase clinical referring and disturb the social activities and familial communities. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical, sonogarphical and mammographic findings in patient with mastalgia.

  Method: This cross-sectional study was done on 160 patients with mastalgia who referred to gynecologic clinic, Yahyanejad hospital, Babol University of medical sciences. They were examined by gynecologist, then in patients under 35 years sonography and older than 35 years mammography was done. Other information including age, menarche age, age of first pregnancy, number of delivery, history of oral contraceptive usage or hormone replacement therapy, family history of cancer, knowledge of diet recommendation for mastalgia and correlation of mastalgia with menstrual cycle were recorded for all patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS10.

  Results: The mean age of patients was 34.8±9.9. Tenderness was observed in 122 (76.3%) patients. Fibrocystic disease was seen in 42 (53.2%) patients in mammography and 50 (40.3%) in sonography. There were normal findings in 29 patients (36.7%) in mammography and 60 patients (48.4%) in sonography.

Conclusion: In the majority of women with mastalgia, sonography and mammography showed normal or fibrocystic changes. A comprehensive history and breast exam is essential to make decision.

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  Background & Objectives: Mastalgia is a common breast disorder affecting lots of women during reproductive ages and leads to cancer phobia in some women. It increase clinical referring and disturb the social activities and familial communities. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical, sonogarphical and mammographic findings in patient with mastalgia.

  Method: This cross-sectional study was done on 160 patients with mastalgia who referred to gynecologic clinic, Yahyanejad hospital, Babol University of medical sciences. They were examined by gynecologist, then in patients under 35 years sonography and older than 35 years mammography was done. Other information including age, menarche age, age of first pregnancy, number of delivery, history of oral contraceptive usage or hormone replacement therapy, family history of cancer, knowledge of diet recommendation for mastalgia and correlation of mastalgia with menstrual cycle were recorded for all patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS10.

  Results: The mean age of patients was 34.8±9.9. Tenderness was observed in 122 (76.3%) patients. Fibrocystic disease was seen in 42 (53.2%) patients in mammography and 50 (40.3%) in sonography. There were normal findings in 29 patients (36.7%) in mammography and 60 patients (48.4%) in sonography.

Conclusion: In the majority of women with mastalgia, sonography and mammography showed normal or fibrocystic changes. A comprehensive history and breast exam is essential to make decision.

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Background & aim: Nowadays because of difficulty in the supply and injection of insulin and blood sugar reducing drugs and considering the side effects of chemical drugs, researcher’s attention is drawn to using herbal medicines. Liver is one of the organs affected by diabetes in different functional aspects. The purpose of this research was studying the effect of Rosa canina extract on reducing the adverse effects and improving diabetes symptoms related to histophysiology, amount of biochemical serum factors and liver enzymes in male rats.

Methods: 32 male Wistar rats, weighed 200-220 gr, were divided into 4 groups. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60mg/kg). The period of experiments was 4 weeks. At the end of experiments, the rats were sacrificed and their serums were collected for measurement of liver enzymes. Also, histological sampling of liver was done. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA).

Results: The results of this study showed that treatment with ethanol extract of Rosa canina led to significant reduction of liver enzymes in the Rosa extract-treated groups in comparison with the diabetic group, indicating the protective effect of alcoholic extract of Rosa canina on liver tissue against diabetes-induced damages. In liver histopathology, a distinct fat change in the lobular center areas was created in the diabetic group. Pathological changes were not significant in the liver of the Rosa extract-treated groups; liver in this group was relatively healthier than in diabetic group.

Conclusions: Rosa extract improved this organ's function in STZ-induced diabetic rats by reducing serum biomarkers of liver pathology and reducing histological damages.