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Background & objectives: Lipocalin family proteins, have been identified as adipokines associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the metabolic syndrome. Exercise training and active compounds of plants have potency as antidiabetic that can be used for treating T2D. We have evaluated the effect of exercise training and Momordica chianti L. on Retinol binding protein-4(RBP4), Fatty acid binding proteins-4 (FABP4) and Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) in Men with T2D.
Methods: In this clinical trial study, 36 T2D men in Tehran were selected and randomly divided into four groups (control, M. charantia, training and M. charantia+training). The training groups participated in a progressive aerobic training for eight weeks, three sessions per week (40% to 70% of the reserved heart rate for 15 to 45 min). The groups of M. charantia and M. charantia+training received 2000 mg of M. charantia for eight weeks (twice a day before breakfast and dinner). Two days before and after the protocol, blood samples were taken in fasting state. Data were analyzed using Independent t test and ANOVA at p<0.05.
Results: The results showed that the RBP4, FABP4 and LCN2 decreased significantly in the experimental groups (p<0.0001). Also, RBP4, FABP4 and LCN2 levels were significantly decreased in  the M. charantia+ training group compared to training and M. charantia groups (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Aerobic training and M. charantia may decrease inflammation in T2D patients by decreasing lipocalins. Furthermore, aerobic training along with M. charantia had a better effect. 

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Background & objectives: Recent evidence suggests that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are involved in regulating of adipose tissue. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three resistance training methods on bone morphogenetic protein 2 and lipid profile in obese men.
Methods: In a semi-experimental trial, 44 obese men (23-32 years) were selected and randomly divided into four groups, including control, interval resistance training, traditional resistance training and circuit resistance training. Interval, traditional and circuit resistance training performed with an intensity of 50% of maximum repetition and active rest, 3-time sessions per week for 12 weeks. Serum BMP-2 levels were measured using an ELISA kit. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test at the p<0.05.
Results: The results showed that interval, traditional and circuit resistance training were associated with a significant decrease in bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), LDL, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in interval, traditional and circuit resistance training groups, and also a significant increase in HDL concentration in interval and circuit resistance training groups in comparison with   the pretest (p<0.001). BMP-2 levels were significantly lower in the interval resistance training group than in the traditional resistance training group (p<0.001). The HDL and LDL, cholesterol and triglycerides levels in obese men in the interval and circuit resistance training groups were significantly higher and lower than in the interval resistance training group, respectively (p<0.001).
Conclusion: 12 weeks of the interval, circuit and traditional resistance training were associated with decreased BMP-2 and improved lipid profile in obese men, and interval resistance training may be more effective on BMP-2 and lipid profile in obese men.