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Background & objectives: The growing numbers of cosmetic treatments, especially Botox in recent years, and the limited researches on the mental characteristics of those applying for this type of cosmetic surgery, have necessitated more attention to this matter. The aim of this study was to compare appearance schema and emotional processing in applicants and non-applicants of botox injection.
Methods: the present work was cross-sectional (causal-comparative) study. The statistical population of the study consisted of all individuals referring to beauty clinics (dermatology, hair, beauty) in Ardabil, second half of 1396. Among them, 60 subjects (30 applicants and 30 non-applicants for Botox cosmetic) were selected through convenience sampling procedure. Furthermore, Appearance Schema Inventory (ASI) and Baker et al’s Emotional Processing Questionnaire were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).
Results: The results showed a significant difference between the mean of appearance schema and emotional processing in applicants and non- applicants (p<0.01). The amount of visual schema (self-assessment and self-motivation) and emotional processing was high in the Botox group (p<0.01) and non-Botox group (p<0.01) respectively.
Conclusion: results indicated that Botox and beauty enthusiasts had high appearance schemas and low emotional processing. These people in compared to non-applicants were more likely to experience difficulties.
 

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Background & objectives: Chronic illnesses are one of the most important causes of mortality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between perfectionism and stress with life satisfaction in cardiovascular patients.
Methods: The research method is descriptive correlational. The statistical population of this study included patients who came to receive the services in Ardabil in the first half of 1396. The sample consisted of 60 cardiovascular patients who were selected by simple random sampling. Data was collected using questionnaires of perfectionism scale, stress scale and life satisfaction scale. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis using spss-19 software.
Results: The results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between perfectionism and life satisfaction. Also, there was a significant negative relationship between stress and life Satisfaction (p<0.01). In other words, with increasing stress, life satisfaction decreases. There is a multiplicity relationship between perfectionism and stress with life satisfaction (p<0.01).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that reducing the perfectionism and stress of individuals helps to increase the satisfaction of people from life and also effective in the process of treatment.
 

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Background & objectives: Suicidal thoughts have been found to be associated with a wide variety of factors. A key factor is a history of childhood and family adversity. Previous studies have shown that troubled romantic relationships are associated with higher risk factors for mental health. Also, evidence suggests that those who have a secure attachment styles in childhood have fewer symptoms of psychopathology and higher psychosocial functioning throughout the lifespan (especially romantic relationship) compared to individuals with an insecure attachment style. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of emotional failure and attachment styles in predicting suicidal thoughts among university students of Azad university of Ardabil.
Methods: In this study, descriptive and correlational design was defined as a research method. The statistical population of this study was all university students of the Ardabil Azad University, who studied in the academic year of 2018 (N=4231). The sample consisted of 80 people who were selected by purposive sampling. Beck's suicidal thoughts questionnaire, Simpson's attachment style questionnaire and Ross's love hit questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis.
Results: The results of the research showed that emotional failure (r=0.35) and unsafe attachment style (r=0.23) had a positive correlation with suicidal thoughts, and secure attachment style (-0.40) had a significant negative correlation with suicidal thoughts (p<0.01). The results of regression analysis showed that 12 percent of the variance of suicidal thoughts can be predicted by emotional failure and 25 percent by attachment styles. Secure attachment style (β=3.35), emotional failure (β=3.35) and insecure attachment style (β=3.3) were the most effective factors in the prediction of suicidal thoughts, respectively.
Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study emphasized that attachment styles (secure and unsafe) and severity of emotional failure are good predictors of suicidal thoughts among university students.  
 

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Background & objectives: In recent years, more attention has been paid to the cognitive impairments of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and several studies have been conducted in this field. One of the areas that have been considered in these studies is the defect in executive functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of executive functions in differentiation children with intestinal parasitic diseases and ADHD in Karaj city.
Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The statistical population consisted of all children referred to the Radmin Comprehensive Rehabilitation Center of Karaj in 2019. Convenient sampling was performed on 120 children in groups of 40 members, including healthy children, children with ADHD and intestinal parasite infection group. Research tools included diagnostic interview, Conners grading scale, continuous performance test, n-back test and parasitic test. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 23 using logistic regression and diagnostic analysis.
Results: Findings showed that logistic coefficients of active memory in children with intestinal parasite and active memory and attention retention in children with ADHD were significant. Also, healthy children and children with ADHD (85%) and children with intestinal parasitic disease (52.5%) had the highest accuracy in predicting respectively. based on the proposed model they were correctly classified.
Conclusion: Just as hyperactivity has a pattern of dysfunction performance in executive functions such as working memory and attentional retention, intestinal parasite-related diseases can also have such symptoms. In fact, the symptoms of a child with intestinal parasite are very similar to the symptoms of a person with ADHD, which can lead to errors in assessment and diagnosis.

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Background & objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Group schema therapy on social anxiety and its specific symptoms in blind and visually impaired people.
Methods: This study was a semi -experimental study with pre-test, post-test and follow-up test with a control group. For this purpose, the statistical population of study, included all blind and low-vision people admitted to Isfahan's Ababasir Educational Institute. 26 participants were selected by available sampling and were randomly assigned to the experimental group (13 persons) and the control group (13 persons). The experimental group was trained on 10 sessions (weekly) according to schema therapy in Yang protocol, while control group did not receive any training. Data were collected by self-report method (Social Phobia Inventory) and analyzed using covariance test by SPSS-21 software.
Results: Results showed a significant difference between social anxiety in the experimental group, when entering the study, immediately after treatment, and 1 month after treatment; but no significant difference was observed in the control group.
Conclusions: One of the useful and effective treatments for refractory, ambiguous and long-term disorders that have their roots in childhood is Yang's scheme therapy and also, group therapy is one of the most important factors in the effectiveness of this treatment model in the present study.

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Background & objective: Despite of significant advances in medicine, infectious diseases still threaten the health of society. A new type of Coronavirus called Covid-19 has become increasingly common in the world.  Because of quarantine, the interactive patterns between family members, especially couples with Corona was affected and changed. The main goal of this research is to study the factors affecting interactive patterns between couples in the Corona period according to the conditions of the disease and home quarantine.
Methods: This study is a qualitative research and was done by Phenomenological method. The Participants included 15 men and women coronavirus survivors in 2020 that were selected by targeted sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data.
Results: This research findings indicated that 5 main themes included: Changing roles, experiencing negative emotions, Coping behaviors, Support and Communication problems and 22 sub-themes.
Conclusions: The results showed that the performance of couples can play an effective role in the transition from crisis and disease and the type of their behaviors in this period can affect marital satisfaction or dissatisfaction.

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Background & objectives: Covid's anxiety is a threat to students' mental health and it is important to identify the psychological factors that affect it .The aim of the present study was to investigate the structural relationships of Covid-19 anxiety disorder based on cognitive flexibility with the mediating role of perceived social support in students.
Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, based on Kameri and Lee rule, 322 students of Islamic Azad University of Tehran Markaz were selected online through cluster random sampling. Coronavirus Anxiety Inventory, Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire and Perceived Social Support Questionnaire were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling by SPSS₂₇ and AMOS₂₄ statistical software.
Results: The general model of the research was consistent with the experimental data (RMSEA=0.056). There was a negative and significant relationship between cognitive flexibility (p=0.001, β= -0.262) and social support (p=0.001, -0.516) with Covid-19 anxiety. Using the bootstrap method, the mediating role of social support between cognitive flexibility and covid-19 disease anxiety was confirmed (p=0.008, -0.338).
Conclusion: Given the inverse relationship between the level of anxiety caused by the Covid-19 epidemic and cognitive flexibility and confirmation of the mediating role of social support in students, it seems necessary to improve psychological flexibility and supportive measures by the family and others during coronavirus epidemic.

 

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Background & objectives: The purpose of this study was to model the causal behaviors related to bullying based on the experience of child abuse mediating the role of emotional security.
Methods: Method of this research was correlational. The statistical population of this study included male high school students in Ardabil city in the academic year of 97-98 in which 385 people were selected as a statistical sample by cluster random sampling. Bernstein's Child abuse (CTQ) and Emotional Security Questionnaires were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling using AMOS22 and SPSS22 software.
Results: The results of the study were in line with the hypotheses that showed child abuse (p<0.05) had a positive effect and emotional security (p<0.05) had a negative effect on bullying-related behaviors. Also, the fit of the proposed model has a good fit and the variable power of emotional security in mediating the impact of child abuse on bullying-related behaviors was confirmed.
Conclusion: According to the results, parents should be aware of the devastating consequences of child abuse on their children's mental and physical health and the importance of emotional security and safety in their children's healthy development, to prevent and reduce bullying-related behaviors. Teachers and school officials should also be aware of bullying and related behaviors to reduce and prevent harmful effects on students.
 

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Background & objectives: The 2019 coronavirus pandemic is a major threat to global public health due to unprecedented individual and social fear and anxiety and it puts significant stress on health-related quality of life and challenges health care professionals, including dentists, with increasing patient burdens, unprecedented disruptions in normal life and The high risk of being exposed to the disease has put them in stressful situations and therefore they are more exposed to stressful situations that can affect their quality of life. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the level of perceived stress and the quality of life of the students and professors of Ardabil Dental School in the face of the outbreak of the 2019 coronavirus disease in 2021 and the relationship between these two variables with the demographic characteristics of the participants.
Methods: To measure the level of perceived stress, Cohen's Perceived Stress Questionnaire was used, and to measure the quality of life, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Standard Questionnaire-Abbreviated (WHOQOL-BREF) was used. The statistical population in this study is all dental professors and dental students of the Faculty of Dentistry of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. A significance level of less than 0.05 was considered.
Results: From the statistical population of this study, a total of 227 people including 33 professors and 194 students participated in the study. There was no significant relationship between demographic variables and perceived stress variables and quality of life. Perceived stress and quality of life were higher for professors than for students during the pandemic. There was a direct relationship between perceived stress variables and quality of life in both groups. The level of perceived stress in both groups was lower than the optimal level and the quality of life in both groups was higher than the optimal level.
Conclusion: Students and professors of Ardabil Faculty of Dentistry experienced moderate stress during the Covid-19 epidemic and had a good quality of life. By comparing between the two groups of participants, professors had more perceived stress.

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Background & Objective: One of the social problems in many countries is the consumption of sports nutrition supplements, which causes many problems for athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of steroid supplementation on the psychological injuries profile in female bodybuilders.
Methods: In this analytical-descriptive study, 150 adult female bodybuilders (mean age 29.15 years, SD=6.82) were selected using the Cochran formula and stratified random sampling as a statistical sample. To collect data, demographic information, the Athletes 'supplement intake Scale, and Mmpi-2 mental health questionnaires were used. Data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient, Multivariate regression, and Structural Equation Modeling.
Results: The results showed that the female bodybuilder's psychological injuries profile was a significant relationship with steroid supplements (p=0.002). Also, the regression results showed that 1.6% for the Hs scale; 5.3% for the D scale, 17.7% for the Hy scale; 36.6% for the Pd scale; 31% for the Pa scale; 35.7% for the Pt scale; 38.8% for the Sc scale; 18.3% for the Ma scale is determined by the use of steroid supplements.
Conclusions: These findings indicate that a steroid supplement has an important role on the psychological injuries profile of female bodybuilders. Therefore, it is recommended that coaches and athletes to be cautious in taking steroid supplements.
 

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Background & objective: The present research has investigated the impact of mental health on the behavioral inhibition and professional judgment of certified accountants with an emphasis on conflict theory.
Methods: In this descriptive-survey research, using Morgan's table, 306 official accountants working in the audit organization and audit institutes of Tehran in 1400, were selected as a sample by a simple random method. To collect data, standard questionnaires including Goldberg and Hiller's mental health, Goldstone and Parker's behavioral inhibition, Knapp, Gul et al.'s professional judgment, and Vahabzadeh's conflict were used. Structural equation model and SMART PLS3 software were used for data analysis.
Results: The research results indicate that the mental health of certified accountants has a negative effect on the conflict between them and the employer and a positive effect on behavioral inhibition and professional judgment of certified accountants. Their behavioral inhibition has a positive effect on professional judgment and a negative effect on the conflict between them and the managers of the receiving companies. Behavioral inhibition and professional judgment of certified accountants play a mediating role in influencing mental health on the conflict between them and the employer. Also, the professional judgment of certified accountants has a mediating role in influencing behavioral inhibition on the conflict between them and business owners.
Conclusion: According to the obtained results, people with higher mental health and stronger behavioral inhibition ability can make more professional judgments and reduce conflicts with others by using their abilities and mental health and managing their behavior. Resolving conflicts will be more successful.
 

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Background & objective: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of self-compassion training on the resilience and quality of life of mothers with mentally retarded children.
Methods: The current research was practical in terms of purpose. The research method was experimental with a pre-test-post-test design in two groups. The statistical population of the research was mothers with mentally retarded children in Ardabil city in 1401 and also, the availability sampling method was used. Among the qualified volunteers, 100 people entered the study and were randomly replaced in two groups of 50 people (self-compassion training and control). The self-compassion training group received eight 90-minute sessions. Standard questionnaires on resilience and quality of life were used to collect information. The data collected in the pre-test and post-test stages were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance using SPSS version 26 statistical software.
Results: The findings of the present study showed, there is a significant difference between the control and experiment (p<0.01) groups in the post-test scores in terms of perception of individual competence (F=441.15), trust in individual instincts and tolerance of negative emotions (F=423.05), positive acceptance of change and secure relationships (F=399.82), control (F=261.60) and spiritual effects (F=241.62) variables. Also, in respect of individual physical health (F=66.60), mental health (F=157.29), social relations (F=146.62) and environmental health (F=135.45) variables in the post-test scores, there is a significant difference between control and experiment (p<0.01) groups.
Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that self-compassion training has a positive effect on the dimensions of the resilience of mothers with mentally retarded children and improves individual competence, trust in individual instincts and tolerance of negative emotions, positive acceptance of change and safe relationships, control and spiritual effects. Also, self-compassion training has a positive effect on the dimensions of the quality of life of mothers with mentally retarded children and improves individual physical health, mental health, social relationships and environmental health.
 

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Background & objectives: The role of spirituality with its different levels in different countries and societies should be considered for investigating the elderly's health. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate spirituality with a scale specifically designed to measure spirituality. This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Attitudes Related to Spirituality Scale (ARES) in the elderly.
Methods: In this psychometrics study, the study population included all the elderly of Ardabil city, among whom 459 individuals were randomly selected to fill ARES. The data was analyzed by SPSS and Amos Software.
Results: The reliability of ARES was 0.94 by Cronbach's alpha. Its construct validity, calculated by confirmatory factor analysis, showed that the model for measuring attitudes related to spirituality in the elderly had a suitable fit and its one-factor structure was confirmed (RMSEA=0.001, GFI=0.99, CFI=1).
Conclusion: The Persian version of the Attitudes Related to Spirituality has a one-factor structure, and could be used in psychological studies in Iranian samples due to its acceptable necessary validity and reliability.
 

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Background: Given the high prevalence of obesity and overweight and the detrimental impact on the mental health of affected people, the objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness of narrative therapy on social physique anxiety in obese and overweight women.
Methods: The current research was a semi-experimental type, with a pre-test, post-test design with a control group. The study population for this research consisted of all obese and overweight women in Tabriz city in 2023. 30 women were selected by the available sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group received narrative treatment in 8 sessions of 90 minutes, while the control group did not receive any treatment and was placed on the waiting list. At the end of the treatment period, a post-test was performed in both groups. The Social Physique Anxiety Scale by Hart et al. (1989) was used as the measurement tool. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (covariance test with repeated measures) by SPSS-24 software.
Results: In the pre-test, the mean and standard deviation of social physique anxiety in the experimental group were 44.33±2.289, while in the control group, it was 43.67±3.063. In the post-test stage, the values for social physique anxiety in the experimental group were 36.33±3.117, while in the control group, it was 43.80±3.385. The results indicated the effectiveness of narrative therapy (p<0.001). In the follow-up stages, it was found that the effects of narrative therapy are lasting (p<0.001).
Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that narrative can be an effective method for reducing social physique anxiety in obese and overweight women.